Engineered stone: The newest category of surfacing material; a natural product most commonly made of up to 95% quartz crystals and referred to as “quartz.”
Honed: A low-sheen surface with a smooth, matte finish.
Plastic laminate: The most common countertop, made by sandwiching paper layers between clear plastic that is then bonded to a plywood or fiberboard substrate. The top layer of paper supplies the visible color and pattern. Ready-made molded versions are called “postformed.”
Polished: A sleek, mirror-like surface that is light-reflective.
Richlite: The brand name of a tough, paper-based material that has moved from commercial kitchens to homes.
Solid surface: A manufactured product that emulates stone (Corian and Wilsonart are two brands); created by combining natural minerals with resin and additives.
Tumbled: A surface finish produced by tumbling stone in sand, pebbles, or steel bearings to round off corners and create a rustic, matte finish.
For more kitchen fundamentals, purchase Ideas for Great Kitchens.
From Ideas for Great Kitchens
Sleek and Chic: 13 Modern Kitchens 
How to Create a Rustic-Style Kitchen 
25 Classic White Kitchens 
Gorgeous Vintage-Inspired Kitchens 
25 Ways to Create an Outdoor Oasis
